CCNA: Another Subnetting Trick

Posted June 13th, 2008 by bcarroll and filed in CCNA Corner

This tip is taken from Dan Stanton at Ascolta Training.

DanstantonDan is one of the countries leading instructors for Cisco Works and he's famous to boot.  Recently one of my CCNA Students asked be about Dans Method and I was at a loss.  Well I pinged Dan and here it is.  Thanks Dan!  

You can also find my "Eight Easy Steps to Subnetting" here.


Bits:                1     2      3        4      5        6      7      8
Mul Octet:    128   64    32      16     8        4      2      1
Sub Mask:   128  192   224    240  248   252   254  255
Wild Mask:   127    63    31      15     7       3       1     0

The number of bits determine the multiple of the octet.

SUBNETS:

255.255.255.224 is multiples of 32 in the last octet.

  Subnet                  Broadcast
  204.10.20.0/27      204.10.20.31
  204.10.20.32/27    204.10.20.63
  04.10.20.64/27      204.10.20.95
  etc…

255.255.248.0 is multiples of 8 in the third octet.

  Subnet                   Broadcast
  144.251.8.0/21      144.251.15.255
  144.251.16.0/21    144.251.23.255
  144.251.24.0/21    144.251.31.255
   etc…

VLMS (A multiple of 32 can be divided into 4 multiples of 8)

  204.10.20.0/27
  204.10.20.32/27 = 204.10.20.32/29
                    204.10.20.40/29
                    204.10.20.48/29
                    204.10.20.56/29
  204.10.20.64/27
  204.10.20.96/27
  etc

ROUTE SUMMARIZATION (4 subnets in the summary route.)

  144.251.12.0/22 = 144.251.12.0/24
                    144.251.13.0/24
                    144.251.14.0/24
                    144.251.15.0/24

SUPER NETTING (4 networks in the summary route.)

  204.251.12.0/22 = 204.251.12.0/24
                    204.251.13.0/24
                    204.251.14.0/24
                    204.251.15.0/24

WILDCARD MASKS

  Wild card masks are the inverse of subnet masks on contiguous subnets

  255   255     255
 -128 -192   -224  etc…
===== ====    ====
  127     63        31



Router Command Modes Chart

Posted June 11th, 2008 by bcarroll and filed in CCNA Corner

Thought I would add the first draft of my Router Command Mode Mind Map.  I hope it helps all you CCNA Students.

Download router_modes.pdf

CCNA: What Mode am I in?

Posted June 9th, 2008 by bcarroll and filed in CCNA Corner

This is often an issue with CCNA Students. Here is what you need to know:

  • Router> = User Mode
  • Router# = Privilege Exec (or) enable mode
  • Router(config)# = Global Configuration Mode
  • Router(config-if)# = Interface Configuration Mode

The First mode seen above, "User Mode" is NOT where you want to be. You can only do "show" commands here and you will get an error if you try to configure anything.

To get from user mode into privilege exec mode type the command: enable

It should look like this:

Router> enable
Router#

From this mode, "enable" mode, you can do show commands for pretty much anything and you now have the power to get into the configuration modes.

  • Privilege Exec is the prerequisite for Global configuration mode and for Interface Configuration mode.
  • Privilege Exec mode is also where you can do "debug" commands.

These "debug" commands are more advanced commands that give live information about the device so be VERY careful about turning them on. If you don't know what the debug does, find out first.

The next mode to understand is Global Configuration mode. To get into global configuration mode type the command: configure terminal

It should look like this:

Router# configure terminal
Router(config)#

Now you can perform configurations that apply to the ENTIRE device. Remember, you are in GLOBAL configuration mode. This includes stuff like banners, hostname of the device, and so on.
Now at this point you will either make some changed and need to verify or you will need to get into a more specific context such as interface configuration mode or router configuration mode and perform more specific configurations.

To get into interface configuration mode type: interface followed by the type of interface and the interface number that you want.
It should look like this:

Router(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0
Router(config-if)#

To get into router configuration mode type: router followed by the protocol you want to enable.

It should look like this:

Router(config)#router eigrp 200
Router(config-router)#

There is a great deal more to it, but this should get you started. One more thing is backing out of a mode. Here is a tip: While typing exit takes you back one level the command end takes you all the way back to privilege exec mode.  This is important because show commands are run from privilege exec mode.

Take a Shortcut!

The next time you are in any configuration mode and you need to verify something use the "do" command.

Here is how it works.  Lets say you are on an interface and you want to verify that the command you just entered actually was applied.  Instead of backing out of the interface configuration mode just type "do" followed by the show command you are trying to execute.  Here is how it should look:

Router(config-if)#do sh run int loop 0
Building configuration…
Current configuration : 42 bytes
!
interface Loopback0
 no ip address
end
Router(config-if)#


Thats it for now.  Be sure to subscribe to this feed for more tips and how-tos


A Must Have Book for CCNA Folks!

Posted June 6th, 2008 by bcarroll and filed in CCNA Corner

A Must Have for CCNA Students




Cisco/VUE Second Chance Promotion.

Posted June 3rd, 2008 by bcarroll and filed in CCNA Corner, CCNP Study, CCSP Study

Here is the link to the second chance promotion.

Keep in mind that this is a limited time offer.

If you find this information useful please leave a comment.

Enjoy!

Video: Accessing ASDM 6.x

Posted June 3rd, 2008 by bcarroll and filed in CCSP Study, SNPA

Here is a quick video on how to access ASDM 6.x.  Please leave a comment to let me know what you think or even to submit requests.  Thanks and Enjoy!

Download accessing_asdm_version_6.x (H264).mov

Video: Installing ASDM 6.x

Posted June 2nd, 2008 by bcarroll and filed in CCSP Study, SNPA

Here is a quick video of how to upgrade to ASDM 6.x on an ASA.  Please leave a comment with any suggestions or just to let me know what you think.  Thanks and Enjoy.

Download upgrading_to_asdm_6.x (H264).mov

Quick Video on How to upgrade to ASA 8.x from 7.2

Posted June 2nd, 2008 by bcarroll and filed in CCSP Study, SNPA

Here is a quick video of how to upgrade from ASA version 7.2 to version 8.0 (3).  Super Simple and Super easy!  Hope you enjoy.

Download Upgrading.mov